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 管首支吊设计 Design of supporting and hanging point of pipes
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管道支吊设计是在一定的空间和建筑结构条件下，按管道工艺路线布置的要求，将管道的荷载合理的传输到建筑支承结构上，保证管道安全、可靠运行。
The design of supporting and hanging point of pipes is ,in a certain conduit of space and construction,to transmit the load of pipes reasonably and properly to the bearing structive according to the demand of pipe technology to ensure the security and reliable operation. |
1.支吊点的确定 (The determination of the supporting and hanging point)
1.1 进行管道支吊设计，首先是选择合适的支承点，主要考虑下列几方面：
The first thing of the design is to select a proper bearing point,and several factors are concerned as follows:
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A. 建筑结构的支承梁柱的位置和间距，尽量减少专为管道支吊而添加辅助梁柱；B. 满足管道自身强度和挠度 (疏水) 要求所规定的支承间距；C. 特殊要求，例如：管线中阀门等重荷载的位置；控制管道冷热位移的锚固点和膨胀补偿器的位置；隔断振动传递用隔振管道段的位置等。
A. The location and span of the bearing column should be taken into consideration and try to use the least number of assisting column. B. The bearing space which meets the specification of the pipe strength and deflection. C. Special demand,for example,the place of heavy load in the line pipe such as valve;The place of the anchor controlling the pipe displacement and the hot-and-cold compensator;the place of vibr ation isolator.
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1.2 选定支承点后，需要进行必要的管道应力计算，验证所选支承点是合理的。高压高温的重要管道，选择和校验支承点是由专门设计单位完成。一般低压管道，按照有关标准或规范规定的管道允许支承间距布置支承点后，不再进行管道应力验算。
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When the place of bearing point is determined,the calculation of pipe stress is needed to make sure the bearing point is reasonable.Some special and important pipes of high pressure and high temperature are determined by special organ/group.As for the common low pressure pipes, the span and bearing point are made sure according to the concerned standard and specification,no calculation of pipe stress is needed.
本处列出有关规定：Here listed the concerned specification:
(1) GB50261-96《自动喷水灭火系统施工及验收规范》管道中心线与梁、柱、楼板的最小距离
GB50201-96“Automatic water spreying and fire fighting system construction and check standard”The Minimum Span between the pipe central line to the column,beam and floor.Pipe Diameter Nominal Span between the pipe central line for the column,beam and floor.The Min.
Span between the pipe central line for the column,beam and floor。 |
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管道公称直径
mm(Pipe standard dimeter) |
25 |
32 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
80 |
100 |
125 |
150 |
200 |
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最小距离
mm(The M in.span) |
40 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
40 |
80 |
100 |
125 |
150 |
200 |
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| GBJ242-82“Heating and Sanitary construction and check standard”The Maximum Span between the horizontal pipe supports. |
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管道公称直径mm |
15 |
20 |
25 |
32 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
80 |
100 |
125 |
150 |
200 |
250 |
300 |
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保温管道mm |
1.5 |
2 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
8.5 |
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不保温管道mm |
2.5 |
3 |
3.5 |
4 |
4.5 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6.5 |
7 |
8 |
9.5 |
11 |
12 |
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重直立管的管卡安装：当层高小于等于5米时，每层需要安装一个，安装高度距地面1.5—1.8米。
当层高大于5米时，每层不得少于二个，间距可匀称安装。
The Installation of Pipe Strap:
Lower than or equal to 5 meters,each story need one pipe strap,with the installation height of 1。5-1,8m off the ground.Higher than 5m,each story need two with even installation span.
(3) GB50243-97《通风与空调工程施工及验收规范》
风管支吊架的间距，如设计无要求，应符合下列规定：
风管水平安装直径或边长尺寸小于400，间距不应大于4米，水平直径或边长尺寸大于或等于400，间距不应大于3米，风管垂直安装间距不应大于4米，但每根立管的固定件不应少于2个。
GB50243-97“The ventilation and air conditioning construction and check standard If no special demand,the span between the pipe strap should meet the specifi cations as follows:Horizontal Installation If diameter or side width is lower than 400,the span should not exceed 4m,If the horizontal diam eter or side width is not lower than 400,the span should not exceed 3m.Vertical Installation: The span should not exceed 4m,and each pipe should have at least 2 fastning straps.”
(4) CECS41:92《建筑给水硬聚氯乙烯管道设计与施工验收规范》塑料管道的立管和水平管的支撑间距不得大于下表：
CECS41:92“Water supply solid PVC pipe design and construction check standard”The bearing span between the plasic pipes,vertical or horizontal,should not exceed the corresponding figures as follows: |
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管道外径
mm(Outside Diameter) |
20 |
25 |
32 |
40 |
50 |
63 |
75 |
90 |
110 |
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水平管
mm(Horizontal) |
0.5 |
0.55 |
0.65 |
0.8 |
0.95 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.35 |
1.55 |
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立管
m(vertical Pipe) |
0.9 |
1 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
2 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
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(5) GBJ93-86《工业自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范》仪表管路支架的间距宜符合下列规定：
1. 钢管水平敷设1-1.5米，垂直敷设1.5-2米。
2. 铜管、铝管、塑料管及管缆水平敷设0.5-0.7米，垂直敷设0.7-1米。
3. 需要绝热的管路，应适当缩小支架的间距。
GBJ93-86“Industrial automatic instrument construction and check standard”
1. Steel pipe horizontal:1m-1.5m,vertical load:1.5-2m
2. Copper pipe,aluminium pipe,plastic pipe and pipe cable horizontal piping span:0.5m-0.7m,vertical piping span:0.7m-1m.
3.As for the insulated pipe,the span should be reduced properly.
(6) GB/T17116.1-1997的附录B给出了管外径14mm至4020mm,无保温到570℃温度下各种水管、汽管的水平管道支吊架最大间距表，由于内容详尽繁多，本处不能全文摘录，在后面的表格中摘录。
The appendix B of GB/T 17116.1-1997 lists the Max.Span of various pipes of O.D.14mm to 4020mm,and see it in the later form. |
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